Today, in 2025, electric bicycles have become an indispensable means of transportation for urban commuting. With the full implementation of the new national standard, consumers are faced with more considerations regarding technical parameters and safety standards when making purchases. This article will delve into the five core configurations that ensure riding safety under the framework of the new national standard, helping you make informed choices in the vast and diverse market.

1. Motor power and control system compliant with the new national standard
The motor is the "heart" of an electric bicycle, and its performance directly impacts riding safety and experience. The new national standard in 2025 has a clear regulation on motor power: the continuous rated power must not exceed 400W. This limit is not set arbitrarily, but rather represents a balance point derived from extensive safety testing - it can meet daily commuting needs without posing a risk of loss of control due to excessive power.

A high-quality motor should possess the following characteristics: Firstly, it adopts brushless DC motor technology. This design not only ensures high efficiency and long lifespan but also provides stable operation, reducing mechanical wear and failure rates. Secondly, an excellent cooling system is crucial. An aluminum casing coupled with a heat sink design can effectively lower the operating temperature, preventing performance degradation or safety hazards caused by overheating.

The control system is equally important. Modern electric bicycle controllers have developed intelligent adjustment functions, capable of automatically adjusting output power according to the riding status. For instance, they gradually increase power at the start to avoid sudden acceleration, intelligently enhance torque when going uphill to maintain a stable speed, and automatically reduce power output when going downhill or braking to enhance safety. Some high-end controllers also feature a fault self-checking function, which immediately alerts the user and limits power output once an abnormality is detected.

Purchasing advice: Ask the merchant to provide a power test report for the motor to confirm compliance with the new national standard. During the test ride, pay attention to whether the start and acceleration are linear and smooth. Observe the noise and heat generation of the motor during operation. A high-quality motor should operate quietly and maintain a moderate temperature.

II. Battery Safety and Management System: Dual Guarantee for Endurance and Protection
As the energy source of electric bicycles, the safety of batteries is directly related to the safety of users' lives and property. The new national standard in 2025 has strict regulations on battery voltage, capacity, charging and discharging performance, among which the most critical is that the nominal voltage must not exceed 48V. This restriction effectively reduces the risks of battery overheating, short circuit, etc.

Lithium battery technology has become mainstream in the market, offering advantages such as high energy density, long lifespan, and light weight compared to traditional lead-acid batteries. However, lithium batteries of different quality vary significantly in terms of safety. High-quality battery packs utilize A-grade cells from renowned brands such as Panasonic, LG, and CATL, and are equipped with a multi-layer protective structure: an aluminum alloy casing provides mechanical protection, a fire-resistant separator prevents internal short circuits, and a pressure relief valve automatically opens to release gas under abnormal pressure.

The Battery Management System (BMS) serves as the "brain" of battery safety. A comprehensive BMS should possess the following functions: real-time monitoring of the voltage and temperature of each battery cell; balancing the charging status of each cell to prevent overcharging and overdischarging; automatically cutting off the circuit in case of abnormalities (such as short circuit, high temperature); accurately calculating the remaining battery capacity to avoid riding hazards caused by sudden power loss.

Purchasing advice: Prioritize products from well-known battery brands; inspect the battery casing for sturdiness and the connectors for tightness; inquire about the specific functions of the BMS from the seller; pay attention to the warranty period of the battery, as high-quality batteries usually come with a warranty of over 2 years.

III. Braking system: evolution from traditional to intelligent
The braking system is the most direct safeguard for the safety of electric bicycles. By 2025, the prevalent brake types in the market will include drum brakes, disc brakes, and energy-recovery braking systems, each with its specific application scenarios, advantages, and disadvantages.

Hydraulic disc brakes have become a standard feature on mid-to-high-end models, offering strong braking power, excellent heat dissipation, and responsive performance, making them particularly suitable for high-speed riding and wet roads. High-quality hydraulic disc brakes feature dual or quad-piston calipers paired with large-diameter brake discs (at least 180mm for the front wheel is recommended), enabling smooth deceleration in a short period of time. Some models are also equipped with an ABS anti-lock braking system, which prevents tire lock-up through high-frequency spot braking, significantly reducing the risk of skidding on wet roads.

The Energy Recovery Braking System (E-ABS) is an innovative technology that achieves deceleration through motor reversal, while converting kinetic energy into electrical energy for storage. This system not only extends the driving range but also reduces the wear and tear of traditional brakes, making it particularly suitable for urban driving conditions with frequent starts and stops. However, it is important to note that relying solely on E-ABS poses safety hazards and must be used in conjunction with traditional mechanical brakes.

Shopping advice: Ensure that the front wheels are equipped with at least hydraulic disc brakes; check whether the brake lever stroke is appropriate and whether the rebound is quick; test the braking distance at different speeds during the test ride; inquire about the replacement cycle and maintenance cost of brake pads.

IV. Frame structure and material: the invisible cornerstone of safety
The frame is the backbone of an electric bicycle, supporting all components and the weight of the rider. The new national standard in 2025 has clear regulations on frame strength, size, and weight to ensure the stability of the entire vehicle. A high-quality frame should possess both lightweight and high-strength characteristics.

Aluminum alloy frames are currently the mainstream choice. Compared to traditional steel materials, they are lighter (about 30% lighter), rust-free, and have high strength. High-end models use 6061 or 7005 aviation-grade aluminum alloy, manufactured through hydraulic forming technology to ensure uniform wall thickness and reasonable stress distribution. The key connecting parts of the frame (such as the head tube, bottom bracket, and rear fork) are thickened or reinforced with additional plates.

The geometric design of the frame is equally important. A reasonable wheelbase (recommended to be 1100-1200mm), a moderate head tube angle (around 70°), and an appropriate centerline height can ensure stability and maneuverability during riding. Some models also adopt ergonomic design, optimizing the angles and lengths of the tubes according to the body shape of Asians, reducing fatigue during long rides.

Shopping advice: Check whether the frame welding is smooth and uniform; shake the handlebar to test the rigidity of the front fork; inquire about the frame material and craftsmanship; for those with a heavier body weight, consider choosing a thicker frame.

V. Lighting and Warning System: All-weather Safety Guard
A comprehensive lighting system ensures safety during nighttime and adverse weather conditions. The new national standard of 2025 imposes mandatory requirements on the lighting configuration of electric bicycles, including headlights, taillights, side reflectors, brake lights, and more.

LED light sources have become standard, featuring high brightness, low energy consumption, and long lifespan. High-quality headlights should have sufficient illumination distance (at least 15 meters) and width, and be equipped with lenses or reflectors to focus the light beam, avoiding the impact of scattered light on the vision of oncoming pedestrians. An automatic light sensing function is a practical configuration, which can automatically switch the lights on and off according to the environmental brightness, avoiding the danger of forgetting to turn on the lights.

Intelligent warning systems are becoming increasingly popular, encompassing features such as turn signals, speeding alerts, and fault alarms. Certain high-end models are equipped with blind-spot monitoring, utilizing radar or ultrasonic sensors to detect vehicles coming from the side and rear, and alerting the rider through lights or vibrations. Additionally, some models are fitted with emergency braking warning systems, which automatically flash the taillights at high frequencies during sudden braking, drawing the attention of vehicles behind.

Shopping advice: When testing the vehicle during the day, check if the lights are bright enough; inquire if the lights are waterproof; test if various warning functions are sensitive and reliable; consider whether additional side lights or reflective strips are needed.